Upper Airway Control and Function: Implications for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Arousal from sleep: implications for obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment

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  • Danny J. Eckert
  • Magdy K. Younes
چکیده

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HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Upper Airway Control and Function: Implications for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Arousal from sleep: implications for obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment

Eckert DJ, Younes MK. Arousal from sleep: implications for obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment. J Appl Physiol 116: 302–313, 2014. First published August 29, 2013; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2013.—Historically, brief awakenings from sleep (cortical arousals) have been assumed to be vitally important in restoring airflow and blood-gas disturbances at the end of obstructive sle...

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Arousal from sleep: implications for obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment.

Historically, brief awakenings from sleep (cortical arousals) have been assumed to be vitally important in restoring airflow and blood-gas disturbances at the end of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) breathing events. Indeed, in patients with blunted chemical drive (e.g., obesity hypoventilation syndrome) and in instances when other defensive mechanisms fail, cortical arousal likely serves an impor...

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Obstructive sleep apnea treated by independently adjusted inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressures via nasal mask. Physiologic and clinical implications.

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure mandates simultaneous increases of both inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressures to eliminate apneas as well as nonapneic oxyhemoglobin desaturation events. We hypothesized that the forces acting to collapse the upper airway during inspiration and expiration are of different magnitudes and that obstr...

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Pathophysiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Sleep-disordered breathing is a common and serious cause of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive morbidity in children. The spectrum of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing ranges from habitual snoring to partial or complete airway obstruction, termed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Breathing patterns due to airway narrowing are highly variable, including obstructive cycling, increase...

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Pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnea.

Considerable progress has been made over the last several decades in our understanding of the pathophysiology of both central and obstructive sleep apnea. Central sleep apnea, in its various forms, is generally the product of an unstable ventilatory control system (high loop gain) with increased controller gain (high hypercapnic responsiveness) generally being the cause. High plant gain can con...

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تاریخ انتشار 2014